Sponsorship, ticketing, derivatives are all growth drivers for which France is lagging behind its European neighbors. "The Italian model is télédépendant, the Spanish club works with the assessment of the socios, the English clubs is very balanced between TV rights and ticket sales, such as German clubs who comes close," says Vincent warmShe, expert in sports department of Ineum Consulting.The French clubs, meanwhile, have historically focused their efforts on the sporting side, including the purchase or sale of players. However, the basis of any economic model in football is to have a stadium that can generate other revenue. "

Meanwhile Euro 2016

Several clubs are advancing on this issue in particular to the organization of Euro 2016. 1.7 billion euros were invested in the construction of four stadiums (Lille, Lyon, Nice and Bordeaux) and the renovation of eight (Paris, Lens, Toulouse, Saint-Etienne, Nancy, Saint-Denis, Strasbourg and Marseille ). 61% of this amount will be financed by the private sector. According to a study published by the specialist sports marketing and sponsorship, Sportfive, these renovations will generate 183 million euros in additional revenue annually for the French professional clubs."Unlike 1998, when two thirds of the total amount had been invested in the Stade de France for Euro 2016, the sum will be invested in various stages of Ligue 1. This does not mean that it will be 2016 to see the return on investment of this event, but probably two or three years, "said Vincent warmShe.

Meanwhile, an increase in revenue, French clubs are left to wish for a better management of expenditure of Spanish clubs, English or Italian. Hence the idea of financial fair play, which will be implemented in two years. They also hope the state will reduce their tax burdens. In vain. The French clubs will happen for example the exemption of 30% due to the image rights group.

"An alarming situation"

Less revenue, and therefore, if financial fair play will be implemented, less cost for French football.Our business model is in danger? "I do not think, but he went through a difficult period. Moreover, the French football is currently adapting its business model, but the process starts up slowly, because, unlike their European counterparts, most French clubs do not own their stadium and have yet to facing some opposition at the local level, "he says. Frederic Thiriez, the president of the Professional Football League, usually optimistic, yet cowardly: "The situation is alarming.And even if the net loss of French football is closer to the individual losses of some clubs in English or Spanish, by themselves superior to our deficit, and that the French clubs' debt of 140 million euros compared to three billion accumulated debt of Spanish clubs or four billion of English football. "

Germany as an example

It is understood that football is above all a show. And to provide the best entertainment club must both retain its best players and other hand acquire new just as good. But this model is viable only if the team acquires shares in question, particularly in Europe. However, no French club has won the European Cup from Marseille and PSG in the 90s … "The example shows that Tottenham can generate a lot of money without being European frequently.Again, the problem "stage" is paramount. In England, it was perfectly resolved. This does not prevent that some English clubs have suffered the brunt of the crisis. It would not surprise me that the German football compete more seriously come to English football in two or three years. It generates more revenue from commercial and brings more people into the stadiums. Rest TV rights, "said Vincent warmShe.

Anyway, it is time that the French clubs are considering setting up a new business model, less dependent on television rights, which could also decrease with the possible withdrawal of Orange, and linked to other stadium revenue by a real living. "There is no miracle solution, concludes an expert. We must proceed gradually on each file (stadiums, financial fair play, sponsorship, taxation …)».The organization of Euro 2016 with the construction of new stadiums that will be a turning point.

"Because of the economic crisis, the shadow economy in 2010 will have increased in developed countries, after rising in 2009, wrote in a recent study by Friedrich Schneider, Austrian economist and specialist in the informal economy. According to his calculations, the share of the unofficial economy in the gross domestic product (GDP) in OECD countries rose by 13.3% in 2008 to 14% in 2010.In France, this ratio increased from 11.1% to 11.7%.

The increase may seem small, but it puts an end to the downward trend going back to the late 1990s. The Baltic and Mediterranean European countries experiencing the highest ratios. The shadow economy represents 25% of GDP in Greece and around 40% in Latvia and Estonia, as the work of Schneider. So many countries where the crisis hit harder than elsewhere.

To compensate for loss of income

Job losses, layoffs … revenue base with the crisis. "Many people try to compensate for their declining revenues through greater participation in informal transactions," says Friedrich Schneider.Among the top sectors fueling the underground economy, are the building trades and crafts, including the restoration, "he observes.

The underground economy is not always a bad thing. "I think the increase in informal activities during a crisis can avoid a recession even greater," said Friedrich Schneider. "Individuals and businesses earn more money, they can spend in the formal economy."

Fraud Investigations

In the Directorate of Legislation, recovery and service (Dirr), we measure the effects of the crisis on French companies thanks to anti-fraud investigations conducted in 2009. "A society that has problems is more likely to be in violation," said executive vice president of control, Jean-Michel Guerra.

To avoid bloodshed, but the controllers have been instructed to be conciliatory. The time granted in 2009 to companies in trouble when adjustments on previous years, usually stable, jumped 58%. Still, delinquencies have increased during the recovery of a half point, to 1.45%, from 12.5 billion euros.

One last figure: last year, the number of minutes prepared for working illegally jumped 27%, in part, it is true, thanks to control operations more focused and more frequent. The crisis should be felt in the figures of the anti-fraud encopre for several years. The controls on the activities of companies are indeed made for two to three years thereafter.

The words of John Chambers, who presides over the rating of 118 countries, have weight. When Standard & Poor's lowers a note means that the state has more chance of bad repay its debts. The investor who buys debt of this state in the form of bonds, then will demand higher interest rates corresponding to the greatest risk. Ultimately, this greatly increases the cost of debt management for the country.

Rigor required

While the return approach, the warnings from rating agencies are increasing. The moment is critical: it is between September and December that states buckle their budgets for the coming year. France, recently lectured by the rating agency Moody's, in a report on the countries rated, has already introduced measures of rigor.

In the "Triple A", London is also in the crosshairs of Standard & Poor's. The notes of the United Kingdom is already "on negative watch" last step before a possible degradation. Despite an initial austerity plan in place before the summer, the government of James Cameron should show "a little more determination to fight against the deficit" in the next budget review in October, said John Chambers faxless payday advance .

How the states will fail

The austerity measures already submitted or planned do not really reassure the markets. In a note titled "Do not ask if the states will fail, but rather how," the U.S. bank Morgan Stanley, is sounding the alarm. Developed countries already burdened by debt levels as they can not take all their commitments, warns the author of the note, Arnaud Mares.

Pensioners, benefit recipients or taxpayers will be affected by the plans of rigor. "It would be dangerously optimistic to believe that in this context, investors will remain forever protected against loss of income that will affect everyone," said Arnaud Mares.

According to this former analyst at Moody's, the states will not officially bankrupt. They rather use "the financial oppression."Specifically, holders of government bonds will be subject to interest rates artificially low or downright negative, ie less than inflation.

Scoring Criteria

To determine a rating, a rating agency monitors both the debt level and growth of the country. If the debt is high and growth is weak, the state will have more difficulty in meeting its commitments vis-à-vis investors. On the one hand because the burden of repayments will weigh too large a share in its budget. On the other hand, because it may raise less taxes in times of prosperity, income taxes depending on the health of businesses and households.

But the final minutes of the meeting were heckled. In the end, the CAC 40 nonetheless grabbed 0.72% to 3475.03 points. In London, the FTSE fell back 0.9% to 5155 points.

The European markets have relied on the surge on Wall Street Wednesday, but also on redemptions cheap. The NYSE has erased its losses late in the session to close up 0.2%.A technical rebound which was conducted in a context of bad macro news (sales of new homes in July after falling sales in the former, smaller increase than expected orders for durable goods). The Paris markets will also be comforted by Asia which has borrowed the same road this morning as Wall Street.

Side currencies, the euro remains strong against the dollar. One euro is worth 1.2717 dollars (0.51%).

The Paris markets have also reacted to the small decline in unemployment in France in July, fell after the market closes Wednesday. More importantly, they welcomed the battery results fell before the opening.

Accor flies, Gemalto tumbles

Wednesday, L'Oreal (3.88% to 78.71 euros, the biggest increase CAC 40) has announced an operating profit up sharply in the first half and higher expectations.This performance allows the number one global cosmetics find a level of operating margin similar to the record first half of 2008.

After his former branch of service Edenred, Accor issued this morning. The group announced a net loss for the first half of 64 million euros against a loss of 236 million a year earlier. Despite very conservative outlook, the stock market welcomed the performance: Accor shares took 2nd place in the ACC with an increase of 3.66% to 24.36 euros.

Credit Agricole has reported a net profit of 379 million euros in the second quarter, well above the 280 million expected by the markets. Net revenue reached 5.469 billion euros and the cost of risk fell by 13%.Again, the stock appreciates: the titles are among the highest increases with a jump of 2.63% to 10.16 euros.

L'Oreal and Total (0.05% to 36.99 euros), major shareholders of Sanofi-Aventis (+0.13% at 44.66 euros) would otherwise be reserved on the proposed acquisition of Genzyme, fearing that French pharmaceutical group pays its target too expensive, said Wednesday the banking sources told Reuters.

Bureau Veritas (2.68% to 46.6 euros) announced adjusted net income Group share up 8.9% to 149.5 million euros in the first half. Turnover was up 1.5% to 1.349 billion euros.The group aims to increase its sales in the second half of the order of 10% and expects a "slight increase" in operating margin over the full year 2010 on the current scope.

Gemalto has reported net earnings fell to 63 million euros in the first half and sales of 840 million euros, up 5%. The group said banking on accelerated growth in the second half, with a turnover of over one billion euros over the period. The title has sold 3.19% to 28.51 euros.

BioAlliance Pharma (3.18% to 6.16 euros) has received European agencies agreed in principle on the filing in mid-2011 the registration dossier of the drug against herpes labialis. The laboratory recorded a strong increase in its turnover in the first half and a net positive.

Bongrain, Lagardère, Stallergenes Etam and publish after the market closes.

In detail, while turnover rose 6.3% to 9.67 billion euros in the first half of 2010 – a 13% growth in the Asia-Pacific – the Operating profit climbed 21.4% over the first six months of 2009, to 1.67 billion euros. The operating margin amounted to 17.3% as well. This is well beyond what the consensus expected, with a margin of 15.4% referred. And allowing it to regain its peak level reached in the first half of 2008.In the public sector, the margin rises to 20.4% while in the luxury, it is 28%.

In this context, the net profit of L'Oreal rises 21.2% to 1.316 billion euros. Per share, net income amounted to 2.39 euros, an increase of 15.3%.

Note also that the net debt stood at 1.67 billion euros at June 30, 2010, and is thus reduced from 300 million euros compared to late 2009.The debt ratio amounted to 11.7% of equity.

DG confident

Commenting on these figures, Jean-Paul Agon, CEO of L'Oreal, welcomes the group's strategic choice: "focus on innovations with high value added and affordable price, expansion into new product categories, accelerating the international expansion and investment in proactive ways advertising and promotion and research. "

"These findings fall within the virtuous spiral of growth of the group and confirm the vitality of the business model L'Oreal," he added.

A stock market as attractive

The L'Oréal closed Wednesday at 75.77 euros on the Paris Stock Exchange, posting a decline of 2.9% since the beginning of the year, while the index diversified European consumer goods ahead of 10 5% over the period.At this price level, the Group's market capitalization stood at 45.2 billion euros.

The value of trades on valuation multiples of about 17.5 times its earnings estimates by analysts for 2011, well below the average for the last five years (24.5 times) but considerably higher than the 14.7 overall average in the sector. The chifrfes indicating that L'Oreal shares are not expensive in terms of its performance. Natixis Securities aims, for example 97 euros for a potential increase in value by 28%.

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This difference was found "all things being equal", the newspaper said, that is to say, qualifications and duties equal, in businesses of similar size, etc.. "After dismissing all the biases that could distort the results, we arrive at a pay gap is said unexplained", explains Thierry Laurent, co-authored the study with Ferhat Mihoubi. Only males are affected by this discrimination. The lesbians do not suffer any apparent loss of wages "unexplained".

This discrimination does not affect all gays with the same force. The less educated and the young could be less discriminated against, while the widening gap with the qualifications and experience. As a percentage of the "visibility" of an employee within the company, analyze the two economists. The young staff are more secure, with little "visible" for competitive examination.

"Marriage premium"

The results of the study are close to the observed differences in wages abroad, but it must include "marriage premium" observed in France. A married man will win because on average 4% more than a single. Homosexuals can not have access to marriage, they are doubly penalized.In the U.S., according to a study published in October 2007 and based on the study of 91,000 cases, a gay employee earns an average 23% less than heterosexual married counterparts.

In France, these wage differentials are explained, the two authors argue, by homophobia. "A CSA poll conducted in March 2009, said Liberation, revealed that 28% of private sector employees do not feel" very comfortable "with the fact that their colleague is gay.

After biting the nose in the first hour of trading, the benchmark index of Wall Street still has erased much of its losses. At closing, it fell by 0.56% to 10,213.62 points. The S & P 500 fold, from 0.37% to its 1071.69 points. While the Nasdaq managed to regain the green, scrounge 0.04% to 2179.76 points.

U.S. stocks have relapsed this week, especially Thursday and Friday amid renewed fears of further slowdown in activity, even recession.

"There is an internal struggle within the market right now, between the flow of economic indicators is rather disappointing for 48 hours and the balancing force that represents the multiplication of impressive announcements of mergers and acquisitions," noted Craig Peckham, Jefferies ."The market tries to anticipate a downward revision to corporate profits, which has not yet taken place, added the analyst.

Thursday night the U.S. stock markets were sharply accused the coup after the publication of bad numbers, especially on the employment front. In fact, new listings weekly unemployment rose by 12,000 for up to 500,000, while economists had forecast a drop instead. This setback has undermined all European stock exchanges, down nearly 2% on Thursday evening. The stock, Wall Street head, are more worried about the U.S. recovery is becoming increasingly threatened, yesterday, two other macroeconomic indicators have further disappointing disappointment consecutive ill-digit unemployment in the industrial activity Philadelphia region has not improved as the markets would have liked.The composite index of leading indicators the Conference Board is certainly left in timid increase, but suggests "a very slow recovery until the end of the year."

The earnings season gives way to mergers and acquisitions …

On the corporate side, while all the companies in the Dow Jones have now released their quarterly earnings, mergers and acquisitions also certainly inspire markets.But if they reassure investors about the health of businesses able to play cash on the table, they can not counter the extreme distrust aroused by signs of a growing number of weak U.S. recovery.

GAP (2.48% to 18.15 dollars) is reaping the fruits of this Friday's announcement the day before the quarterly earnings above expectations, thanks to the rebound in sales recorded by its brands Banana Republic and Old Navy.

PT (-0.86% to 40.42 dollars) and Dell (0.11% to 12.05 dollars) will be closed on the ball quarterly results.HP has shone with a quarterly profit up 6%, and Dell has not been left behind, with sales and earnings above expectations for the second quarter and expects a continued recovery in demand professionals for PCs in the coming quarters.

The world leader in microprocessors, Intel, announced on Thursday that he offered the world's number two computer security, Mc Afee (-0.07% after 57% yesterday), $ 7.6 billion .

While the hostile bid from BHP Billiton (-0.97% to 66.70 U.S. dollars) Potash (-0.75% to 147.72 dollars) continues to make waves on the Stock Exchange (Fitch Ratings has put on hold BHP Billiton), the offensive yesterday from Dell, the German publisher of software Wirecard rose Friday on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange after the entry by traders of a possible interest of Visa for the company.The title Wirecard advanced 2.05% to 8.71 euros while the action Visa German Stock Exchange fell by 0.35% to 55.69 euros. Visa back on Friday from 0.39% to 71.35 dollars.

Boeing (-0.59% to 64.24 dollars). The United States announced Thursday that they were using, like the European Union a month earlier, the ruling in June by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in the dispute over public funding for the aircraft manufacturer Airbus. It was also learned that Thai Airways talks with Boeing and EADS for 30 aircraft

Tuesday, ACC 40a consolidated amid stalled on Wall Street. The index closed slightly down from 0.12% to 3747.51 points, close to 3750 points. On Wednesday, the index future pointing down on the CAC 40, which is expected to decline from 0.31% to 3734 points in the opening gong.

In Asia, Tokyo reclusive sharply while export values are still penalized by one yen rise against the U.S. dollar.

On Wednesday, the macroeconomic news might still punctuate the markets.In the euro area, 10 hours, attention is paid to the services PMI for July and composite (2nd estimate) and above 11 hours, on retail sales in June

Overseas, the ADP employment figures in the private sector in July will be well attended in the financial world, at 14.30. Then at 16 hours, the ISM index of activity in services should lead the market. Finally, at 16:30, the traditional weekly crude oil stocks are known. All these figures of importance, so that on Tuesday, the statistics on consumer spending and incomes of households were poorer than expected.

Société Générale and Axa have published

As for values, investors have been informed by stock-half-year results of Societe Generale. Net income was more than tripled to 1.084 billion euros in the second quarter.Economists expected a doubling. Moreover, its Greek subsidiary Geniki announced a widening its net loss in the first half, the economic difficulties the country promoting the proliferation of bad loans.

Axa has posted a net profit in the first half down 29% to 944 million euros. It mieuw than expected and operating income, which excludes special items, spring, him, down 3%.

Suez Environment, a specialist in water management and waste, noted Wednesday its growth forecast for the full year 2010, after posting interim results up sharply.Jean-Louis Chaussade, CEO of number two French water treatment and industrial waste, says his group's performance in the first half.

Bic Sopra and Iliad also publish pre-market.

Maurel & Prom: 68% of first half sales

Energy. Departments of Ecology and Economy announced Tuesday that the government planned to increase to 15 August electricity rates by 3% on average for households and 4% to 5.5% for businesses.

Maurel & Prom said on Tuesday sales up 68% in the first half of 2010, helped by the rise in production fields in Gabon and in particular the development of production fields and Omgw OMBG . Note that the oil companies are particularly sought after in recent sessions.The oil was indeed installed comfortably beyond 80 dollars.

Vilmorin published Tuesday a consolidated turnover in 2009-2010 increased by 6.2%, supported by his vegetable business. The fourth seed has confirmed global forecast fiscal year 2009-2010 ended June 30, "a good performance of its margins," despite the increased "significantly" from its investment in research.

Teleperformance announced Tuesday for the first half rose 3.9% in sales on a reported basis, down to a 2.6% decline in comparable, indicating that the positive impact of its restructuring plan on the second play part of the year.

At the end of last week, the Japanese telecoms group Softbank and formalized an investment of 150 million dollars in Zynga.It is accompanied by the creation of Zynga Japan as a joint venture, whose aim is to convert users of the Archipelago to the "social gaming" while Zynga benefit from the expertise of his partner in Nippon mobile Internet , Eldorado for future online services. Masayoshi Son, Softbank's CEO, welcomed the collaboration point of departure for the creation of "a gigantic social gaming in Japan.

The announcement comes shortly after the official unveiling by the blog Techcrunch specialist, an investment of Google in the same start-up to an amount between 100 and 200 million dollars. At half-word, the Google CEO Eric Schmidt has confirmed this agreement in an interview with the Wall Street Journal. "We have not announced, but you can expect to partner with Zynga," he said.This will be crucial for launching the Google Games, a social network based online game giant online search would be developing. In addition to these equity investments, Zynga has signed agreements with editorials Facebook and Yahoo! Last May by which its games are broadcast to a wide audience.

Valued at 4.5 billion

Selling virtual goods in its games, Zynga have generated 350 million dollars since the beginning of the year, with half operating profit. In 2011, its revenues could reach one billion dollars.Another indicator of investor confidence: Zynga has surpassed the 100 million players in just two and a half years, when it took four and a half years to Facebook to pass this course.

Start-up of more than 600 employees, Zynga announced so far have raised $ 219 million in four rounds. Its first fund in February 2008, amounted to 10 million dollars. Zynga then publishes the poker game Texas Hold'em on Facebook. In July 2008, another round table that will raise 29 million dollars. Zynga is beginning to diversify its offer and in April 2009, is the leading application on Facebook with 40 million active users. Launched in June of that year becomes Farmville August 2009 the first game on Facebook to cross the milestone of 10 million players.Finally, last December, the Russian fund Digital Sky Technologies, also a shareholder of Facebook, participating in a new fundraiser, Tiger Global, Institutional Venture Partners and Andreessen Horowitz, for a total of 180 million dollars. With today an investment of over $ 520 million, valuing Zynga have reached 4.5 billion dollars.

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