The controversy could not come at a worse. On the eve of the IPO of Facebook, advertisers have begun to question the effectiveness of ads on Facebook. These are the basic economic model of social network, which is preparing to raise more than $ 16 billion in stock.

The automaker General Motors has announced it was stopping its advertising spending on Facebook, said the Wall Street Journal. This is a budget of 10 million that will evaporate from the platform. GM plans to continue to promote its brands on Facebook, but particularly by exploiting its free services, like his fan page.

It was a risk contemplated by Facebook as a preparatory document for the IPO, filed with the policeman American markets. But it could weigh on growth prospects of Facebook, if other advertisers were to make the same choice.

But a few hours after GM's announcement, another U.S. auto giant has responded, defending the ads on Facebook. "All that matters is performance. Our Facebook ads work when they are combined, strategically, with attractive content and innovation, "the group said Ford on Twitter.

The marketing director of Ford, interviewed by Forbes magazine, believes that we should not "be considered as a simple Facebook ad network," which is broadcast on the same banner ads elsewhere. Before conceding that "it is still early days and measurement criteria are not set to 100%."  

Other observers have called on advertisers to be cautious before max out General Motors: "We do not know why GM commercials have been no results," said Tom Skotidas and founder of an agency marketing to social networks.

One explanation could be introduced by the recent change in its presentation of Facebook pages and profiles, with the launch of the Journal ("Timeline"). The counseling agencies that had established communication strategies based on Facebook tabs and landing pages have in fact seen their recommendations become obsolete overnight.

ALSO READ:

"The action Facebook will be worth between 34 and 38 dollars

"Facebook has announced the arrival of priced applications

"Advertising: Facebook unveils strategy

The instant cash loan packs in it so great variety of advantageous features that after knowing about this no one will feel like saying no to it.

 

In 2008, he cherished the hope of becoming the first secretary of the PS. But he had finally lined up behind the candidacy of Bertrand Delanoe. In 2011, he thought he could be a candidate for the Socialist primary. Then he threw in the towel, choosing to support Dominique Strauss-Kahn, then rallying Francois Hollande not without obtaining the position of campaign manager. Pierre Moscovici, 54, has learned to give up. Here he is rewarded. He is back in force to the government and assigned the Ministry of Economy, Finance and Foreign Trade. Certainly it does not get the Quai d'Orsay which he dreamed, Laurent Fabius was his favorite. But he inherited a portfolio to match its ambitions. And thereby in passing some disappointed, Michel Sapin in mind. "Mosco" consensual socialist, social democrat, is now a heavyweight team Ayrault, number five in protocol order.

It is he who will be at the forefront of the debt crisis. There is no shortage of assets since knows the workings of Europe. He was, for five years, from 1997 to 2002, Minister Delegate for European Affairs in the Jospin government. At the time, the rise of the Express near the then prime minister, who had just been elected deputy of the Doubs for the first time, had been criticized. But, he will prove himself. Former MEP, a graduate of Sciences Po and ENA, he will prepare no quack the French presidency of the EU, negotiating the Treaty of Nice and the European Constitutional Treaty. During this period of cohabitation, he managed also to find his place against Jacques Chirac. In fact, the President of the Republic and the Socialist Minister for European Affairs are of course in these five years: Chirac taking the young minister with no experience under his wing, even to comfort him when he doubted. An agreement with Lionel Jospin was annoyed.

After the failure of the left in 2002, Moscovici was defeated in the parliamentary elections in the Doubs. A year earlier, he had already failed to municipal Montbéliard. Without parliamentary seat, without mayor, he tried his luck with the 2004 European and found his seat in Strasbourg. In 2007 he was again legislative candidate in the Doubs. This time he wins.

Pierre Moscovici, tried by the Revolutionary Communist League when he was young, joined the PS in 1984. He was close to Michel Rocard, Jospin and Dominique Strauss-Kahn, his former professor at the ENA. He is the son of a social psychologist Serge Moscovici, who was a member of the Romanian Communist Party and fled his country in 1947. Pierre Moscovici was the first to openly criticize the Socialist Francois Mitterrand and his relationship with Rene Bousquet. "What shocks me, he said, is that he can spawn with someone who has been a tool of the state anti-Semitism and an accomplice of the final solution of the Reich." … …..

ALSO READ:

"The full list of government Ayrault

"LIVE – The first government-era Holland

 

As promised, the outer envelope of the future Jean-Bouin has already – in miniature – the air of Bird's Nest, the Beijing Olympic Stadium built for the 2008 Olympics. The enclosure doors of 20,000 seats, which will house the games of rugby players of Stade French ("exiles" for the moment Charléty) from the 2013-2014 season, were opened Thursday for the first route point site with the Mayor of Paris, Bertrand Delanoe, the club president, Thomas Savare, and most players, curious to get a glimpse of their new lair. Everyone has been noted that the bleachers and steelwork is almost complete, while laying the panels cover the roof and the front is moving fast. Everything should be completed by March 2013.

"With a stage like this, it will be champions of France and Europe," commented Bertrand Delanoe. "This tool can only make us grow economically and sportingly, it will also allow us to more easily attract the best players," has for its part welcomed Thomas Savare.

"A work of art"

Rodrigo Roncero, the mainstay of Argentina, who will retire at the end of the season, it will be "the best rugby stadium in France and perhaps even in Europe." Captain and figurehead of the French stage, Pierre Rabadan is on him "great to have a place where almost everything – weight room, gymnasium, offices, restaurant, etc.. – Will be consolidated. "

Conceived as "a work of art" by the architect Rudy Ricciotti, the reconstruction of Jean-Bouin will cost a whopping 149 million euros. The price – considered exorbitant by the objectors – to equip the Paris team a tool worthy of his ambitions. "The old stadium, built in 1925, no longer met the requirements of comfort and safety: dilapidated changing rooms, lack of functionality of local medical and space news," explains a representative of the City. Public reception, too, was now outdated. "The capacity was 7,705 seats (12,000 counting standing room, Ed) of which only covered 4376, ticket sales and refreshments were in portables, there was no housing for the partners and the track athletics away the audience of players, "says the City. Much inconvenience to join soon be overtaken.

ALSO READ:

"A new rugby stadium, what for –

"The stages of Euro 2016, a bet for majors in construction

SERVICE:

"Find all the ads in Paris with Explorimmo

FOLLOW THE ESTATE OF FIGARO:

"Twitter: @ LeFigaro_Immo

 

Between austerity and growth, Spain and Portugal chose austerity. The two countries have had the opportunity on Wednesday to position themselves on the subject after the election in France of Francois Hollande. Met yesterday in Porto at the twenty-fifth summit Iberian, the two heads of executive kept intact their desire to fulfill their goals of rigor.

The Spaniard Mariano Rajoy and the Portuguese Pedro Passos Coelho spoke with one voice. Asked about the possibility of surrendering to 2014 – instead of 2013 – the target of increasing the public deficit below 3% of GDP, the Spanish prime minister responded without ambiguity. "The debate is not how to relax the requirements, but how to respect our commitments," said Rajoy. "Do not spend what we do not have is a good policy, he said. Spain signed the pact budget and considers it to be maintained. "

Structural reforms

Passos Coelho has said the same direction. Portugal depends on the conditions of a European aid plan, said the Prime Minister, and "if it fails to meet its objectives, it will engage with a new plan that will be more expensive, longer and more expensive socio-economic terms. Nobody wants that. "

The design of the growth of the two leaders did not have much to do with the defenders of the stimulus. "We run growth policies in Europe and in our country, argued the Spanish head of government. We adopt structural reforms that take effect in the medium and long term. "

Since taking office four months ago, Rajoy flexibilized labor law, encouraged bank mergers and generalized rigor. Passos Coelho also expressed the way forward: "We can not grow if the debt is unsustainable, he thought. Fiscal restraint is the first step of a return to growth. "

Only concession to the stimulus, the role given to the European Investment Bank. "We defend the idea of ​​reinforcing the EIB to take into account SMEs and micro-businesses," said Passos Coelho well.

ALSO READ:

"The Europeans welcomed President growth

"The Growth Pact in five questions

"Merkel is against Holland on budget pact

"The European Growth Pact will force France to reform

 

What are the main beneficiaries of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and how do they perceive? The information is all there is to public. The Ministry of Agriculture has indeed publish on its website the names of beneficiaries and the amount of aid they received for the period 16 October 2010 to October 15, 2011. A bond required by the European Commission in March 2008 in the interests of transparency and legitimacy of the main EU budget. France, which is the largest producer of EU agricultural and therefore the largest recipient of aid, receives a budget of nearly EUR 10 billion. This fee is in two forms. The largest portion, nearly 8.5 billion euros, is awarded through direct aids per hectare (single premium rights or DPU). They fall under the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF). To this must be added indirect support related to the development of dependent territories of the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). An envelope that reaches 1.3 billion euros.

For a year, and for the sake of "respect for private life", the only data with regard to individual farmers but more the corporate structures of the type EARL (farm limited liability) or GAEC (farming groups in common ). They also relate to producer organizations, agribusinesses, communities, not to mention charitable organizations or associations.

Chief among the beneficiaries of the CAP, we find the poultry group Doux Breton which collects about $ 54 million of EU agricultural subsidies. "These are export refunds for chicken, it says the Department of Agriculture. Aid to offset the costs of production and processing higher in France than its international competitors on historical markets of the Middle East. The position of Brussels is to reduce them. "Second Beneficiary: Regional Committee for the conversion of vineyards in the Languedoc for more than 32 million euros. "They are restructuring aid which are managed collectively and are then redistributed to growers," says one rue de Varenne.

Modernization and research

On the third place, the Sugar Reunion (31 million) of Tereos. "They relate to specific incentives for overseas departments to maintain the historical purchase price of sugarcane paid to producers after the entry into force of the common market organization in 2006, says one in 29 million Tereos.Plus are redistributed to farmers, the rest is reinvested in modernizing the industry and research. "followed by the French Federation of Food Banks (30 million) under the European program to help more poor (PEAD). Finally, France Luzerne, cooperative of the Marne, receives 23 million euros of aid related to dehydrated alfalfa. "They are paid directly to producers in 2012," says one to the Department of Agriculture.

 

The invoice is salted for five hypermarkets Carrefour and Leclerc. The latter were sentenced Friday by the criminal court of Rouen to pay 140,000 euros in fines for "deceptive marketing practices."

The court points to operations such as "buy four, one free" or "20% free" set up on certain products. After controls, the investigators of the Departmental Direction of protecting the population of Seine-Maritime realized that these operations were unfavorable to consumers. The latter indeed paid these products more expensive than had they purchased individually. Similarly, the comparison price in the store were found. Result: Three of the Carrefour stores will have to pay 100,000 euros while two stores Leclerc pay 30,000 and 10,000 euros respectively cheapest personal loan rates.  

The stores are doing better than what the prosecutor of the Republic, Maela Guéguen, had addressed, namely a total of 190,000 euros in fines. The lawyers had demanded the release distributors to their customers because they believe these development operations were performed by providers who decided the proportion of free and conditioned themselves the product. For its part, the association UFC-Que Choisir, who received 2000 euros in damages, a judgment that recognizes hello "fraud and false advertising," according to his lawyer Catherine Kersual.

(With Agents)

ALSO READ:

"Carrefour: 3000 jobs threatened by the unions

"Hypermarkets have fallen out of favor

 

3 Suisses must be patient. Three years after removing nearly 700 jobs a year and a half after the launch of a major modernization plan in 2013, the specialist mail order (VPC) is still not the end of his troubles.

In 2011, the turnover of the group 3 Suisses International (3SI) fell a further 5.6% and the accounts are still in the red. Of course, "this decline is partly explained by the market environment somewhat depressed for clothing," says German Otto vpciste which holds 51% stake (alongside the Family Association Mulliez 44%). But the European leader recognizes that the repositioning of 3SI in losses since 2005, is "a little slow."

Denis Terrien, founder and CEO of Amazon. Fr, arrived in June 2009 with orders for 3SI to instill the spirit internet business that made him still lacking. Born in 1932, the group had made back in 1998, however the entire catalog of its flagship brand online in 2007 and had proposed its first application to control from his mobile phone. But the organization was still oriented around the two "big book" seasonal, declined in line with their promotion system increasingly important.

The figures show that the mutation is far from over: according to our information, the three Swiss have a cumulative loss of 165 million euros since 2008, with another 15 million euros last year. For all consumer brands, the loss would amount to 110 million euros. "It is unlikely that the 3 Suisses reach equilibrium this year, as foreseen in the strategic plan. For this particular reason that Laurence Paganini had to give up CEO in late January to the leader of spoiler, "says a close case.

Delete homes losses

While its competitor La Redoute (Redcats) has already increased from 2 to 10 collections a year, a key element of the transformation, the catalogs remain offseason in three Swiss still largely a work in progress. This explains why the 3 Suisses realize only 66% of their online sales against 78% for La Redoute. The average is 50% for the ten consumer brands 3SI (3 Suisses, Blancheporte, Spoiler, Window Magic …), or 11 points less than the subsidiary of PPR. "The challenge of this evolution to the Internet is to keep its best customers, while attracting new, old, and their loyalty," said Olivier Trouvé, a consultant at Kurt Salmon instant credit reports.

Meanwhile, 3SI continues to suppress outbreaks of losses: the last of its 35 stores closed earlier this year. As the site buy / sell 2xMoinsCher, acquired in 2006. What about its subsidiary, resumed in spring 2010 for his younger clients file, it also pulled the curtain end of January.

The transformation should move faster once the redesign of systems of consumer brands finalized. Group 3 SI has indeed devoted nearly half of the envelope of € 70 million plan to modernize the "largest construction site computer currently in France," according 3SI. The links between trade marks may be tightened in order to promote cross-selling, as is done on the virtual shopping mall lechouchou.com, online since late January. "The IT component is the only site where the three Swiss were up," according to critics.

Become a service provider

3 Suisses are now trying two revolutions at once: to turn into e-trader and service provider for other Internet retailers. More than half of the investments are vested in the building at Hem, near Lille, the "largest database storage and order picking in France," according to 3 Suisses International (SI 3). The warehouse, built next to that of Mondial Relay, covers an area comparable to six football fields and will be operational in October.  

The building, where packages are trademarks of the group to mingle with other online retailers, is the missing of the SI strategy 3, which wants to open its various subsidiaries to external customers. Very optimistic, the group expects to double the number of clients, individuals and professionals to reach 20 million by 2020. At its shareholder Otto, the branch services increased 9% in 2011, exceeding one billion euros. Ikea and Oxylane make their photos in the studios of Quai de l'Image. Mondial Relay manages some 1,200 parcels of e-tailers, as the Relais Colis, a subsidiary of La Redoute.

"The picking is more strategic than other services. 3 Suisses may have difficulty recruiting. Especially since many experts have already invested the niche of Logistics, "said an e-merchant, reflecting the view of many respondents. Even private-sale, real reference in the sector, has decided to delegate the logistics of the Digital Factory, its service company for e-tailers.

 

The Lada 2107 was an evolution of the Lada 2101, which was partially a licensed copy of the Fiat 124 of 1966. It was produced in Russia since 1982 on the banks of the Volga in a huge industrial city called Togliatti, named after a founder of the Italian Communist Party, Togliatti. In the 1980s, he left the plant of AvtoVAZ over 700,000 cars per year.

Lada was born in Russia in June 1970, shaped by the automaker AvtoVAZ, and originally destined for the Soviet market.

Between the decades 1980-1990, the production of Lada was widely exported, up to 60%, primarily west of Europe, except the United States, only major country not to have imported the mark. Since this period, a total of over 18.5 million Lada labeled "Rivas" was recorded.

The term "Lada" meaning "boat" in old Russian, the brand has always been characterized by very basic equipment personal loan for poor credit. Its logo is also a Viking longship, echoing the supposed strength of his cars. But a key to the success of this car is its Soviet economic price: he had to rely Euro 2800 – with the aid of the state to offer the Lada 2107. Something to be looking at least the lack of comfort, and limited accessories offered the Lada 2107: a radio and a fan.

AvtoVAZ has already bet to replace the veteran by more modern models such as Kalina, Priora and Granta. While relying on the car "ultra-low cost" during the project with Renault, which owns 25% stake in AvtoVAZ.

ALSO READ:

"How Renault is trying to revive Lada

"Renault takes full advantage of the rebound Russian

"Renault soon to 50% in AvtoVAZ?

 

Airbus partners with Boeing. This is not a fiction but rather the reality since the last Summit Aviation held in Geneva in late March. On this occasion, the two rivals always have also announced their association with the Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer to develop the use of biofuels. The day before, Airbus had announced to produce research-based biofuel … eucalyptus. A plant that will join other plants already used as a fuel, such as camelina, jatropha, algae, or even coconut. "We conduct research to develop sustainable aviation. So we decided, in collaboration with the airline Virgin Australia, to establish a sustainable chain of biofuel production in Eucalyptus in Australia for use in aeronautics, "said Frederic Eychenne, project manager new energy Airbus.  

Grown on arid land, the mallee, a species of eucalyptus, will be harvested and crushed every three to six years. The resulting biomass is then converted into hydrocarbon fuel can be used for airplanes. Through a pyrolysis process, the mallee is then transformed. "Overall, this is to burn biomass without oxygen (through a chemical process), to extract a basic product that will eventually be processed to obtain biofuel. He will then have to mix it with kerosene 'fossil' of 50% up to use it. Indeed, the chemical composition of biofuels does not currently use 100% for aircraft "Frederick develops Eychenne.

Boeing converges in the same direction Airbus

For its part, Boeing also aims to accelerate the commercialization of environmentally friendly fuels, accounting for 1,500 passenger flights on biofuel made during the last two years. Richard Mills, spokesman for Boeing on issues of biofuels in Europe, said: "Today, biofuels reduce carbon emissions in partnership with airlines. Overall, governments are beginning to express their interest and support efforts, which is essential to help us achieve our goal: that flights 1% biofuel use on average by 2015. "…. ….

The aircraft manufacturer is also studying, as part of its research program, the possibilities of using alcohol as fuel.

Biofuels more expensive than kerosene, lack of industry

Philippe Novelli, project manager at ONERA, the French aerospace equivalent of NASA, has also led the European study SWAFEA (Sustainable Way for Alternative Fuel and Energy Aviation), on the issue of biofuels in aviation paperless payday loans. He said by 2020, the processes under development are expected to be pure biofuels for aviation. Philippe Novelli adds: "To date, due to the lack of real industrial production, airlines pay biofuels about four times more expensive than kerosene. The prospects for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, however, are considerable: up to 85% for the best performing sectors such as BTL (Biomass to Liquid) produced from lignocellulose. "However, the obtaining of significant emission reductions of greenhouse gas emissions requires precautions regarding the conditions of biomass production, as outlined in the specialist ONERA.

Fuels in search of a certification

To date, there are two processes for receiving the seal of biofuels aviation authorities, ASTM International and the FAA: hydrotreated vegetable oils and synthetic fuels from biomass. Eucalyptus does not yet part of this approach where aircraft manufacturers support new biofuel for approval.

Side of engine (Saffron, Rolls Royce, General Electric or Pratt & Whitney), there is to date no formal terms of biofuels, in the sense that they are compatible with existing systems. Indeed, all biofuels are "drop-in", that is to say fully compatible with conventional reservoirs, which does not necessitate the development of new types of engines.

Steadily over the last ten years, civil aviation accounts for 2.7% of global carbon emissions, far behind the automotive industry, which accounts for 52%. The challenge is to meet the requirements set by the EU to all transport, including the requirement to use a minimum of 10% biofuels by 2020.

ALSO READ:

"Carbon Tax: Europe ready to negotiate

"CO2 tax: 20% of the Airbus stake

"Chemistry: plants to replace oil

"The airlines are going green

"EADS is flying a plane seaweed

"Biofuels: initiatives of Airbus and Boeing

 

Its facade that gives pride to the larch and its roof like helium-filled, the shopping center that opened Wednesday in Lyon in the new district of Confluence is not like normal plants for sale. Nevertheless, this shopping venue which has 102 stores spread across 53,000 square meters will have to meet quite a challenge. Prove that at the merchant web booming and consumption lowered, the formula is not exceeded. Find its place in a commercial landscape Lyon already quite saturated with 267 shops including La Part Dieu and 85 stores in Ecully fifteen minutes by car. Show that a new center can succeed while the latest openings, especially the Millennium in Paris in 2011 – are not successful.  

To top it off, the latest Unibail is located in a brand new neighborhood with 10,000 new residents already … but where Lyonnais have not yet used to come. A context that does not prevent Guillaume Poitrinal, CEO of Unibail to found great hopes on Confluence. "After three or four years, this center should achieve a turnover of 200 to 250 million with seven to eight million visitors," said he. For comparison, the center of Nice Cap 3000, considered one of the most efficient outside the Paris region reached 450 million euros in annual sales.

Apple Store in gondola

To take his bet, Unibail, which is the leading commercial centers in Europe, here applies the recipe that made its success elsewhere. A large dose of strings prevalent but unavoidable (Zara, Etam, C & A, Grand Optical, Franck Provost …), a pinch of signs that create events (Apple Store, Hollister, California clothing brand of Abercrombie & Fitch) and several newcomers in France and the Spanish brand apparel SuiteBlanco Specialist Portuguese decoration Loja do Gato Preto guaranteed online personal loans. In addition, it adds some local brands such as qualitative Cellerier catering, library Decitre Galix or shoemaker. Obviously, there are a hypermarket (Carrefour one) but small (4500 m). However, there is no distributor of home appliances or TV-type brown goods and computers. No trace either of stores that sell CDs or DVDs. "It's a choice: Today, consumers buy these products online," said Romain-Lavignie Molho, director of the Lyon Confluence.  

Instead, Unibail has developed the leisure part: the second floor is a multiplex with 14 theaters but also a climbing wall, spa and restaurant offers a larger than usual. Of fast food like McDonald's, Starbucks coffee as well as the more upscale chains such as Italian or American Fuxia Razowski. Moreover, to make shopping more enjoyable, Unibail has treated the architecture of the place. Part of the center is open air, in the other part, the transparent roof lets plenty of light, and in public areas, natural ventilation avoids air conditioning, inconsistent with the principles of sustainable development . An approach designed by architect Jean-Paul Viguier, known for directing Heart Defense, the largest office complex in Europe, located in the business district. The coming months will tell whether these efforts will restore the taste of consumers to buy badly shaken by the crisis.

ALSO READ:

"Small shopping centers for sale